Dear Board of Directors Essay

After actualizing a Broad Differentiation methodology, Andrews Company wanted to have exceptionally requested items in every one of the market sections, hold the lion's share piece of the overall industry contrasted with our rivals and increment the estimation of our firm constantly 2021. We accepted that this methodology could get us to that point and we have effectively done as such. The beginning up of Andrews Company end up being more troublesome than foreseen because of significant expenses in advertising and R&D, putting resources into mechanization of sensors and because of our choice to take out a large portion of our credits in the beginning periods of our item, prompting negative benefits for the initial two years. Notwithstanding, Broad Differentiation beneficially brought Andrews piece of the pie up to 30.93% exceeding the opposition (Exhibit 1). Andrews Company will keep on executing this procedure with the objective to hold appeal, keep reducing expenses with all out quality administration activities and by rethinking our ability and creation issues, which will be examined over the span of our examination. Innovative work Appropriate distribution of assets towards innovative work end up being of high significance, permitting clients to approach better-quality items. Andrews Company adequately balanced every item to their appropriate perfect spot on the perceptual guide by utilizing the section communities and perfect spot counterbalances yearly. This permitted Andrews to increase ideal market request, prompting us having the option to charge a more significant expense than contenders later on, therefore acquire higher benefit among different activities. Our popularity was basic in balancing the expenses related with putting resources into showcasing and limited time spending plans, purchase/sell limit and mechanization of items. Showcasing By putting relentlessly in promotion and deals in all the market fragments, we had the option to expand openness and market request. It was Andrews’s objective to have our items be in the psyches of clients of numerous types and charge a premium for our great structures. Another preferred position Andrews had over our rivals was that we anticipated at our latent capacity piece of the overall industry, instead of our real, in view of the assumption our clients will be faithful to our image and we would keep on putting resources into advertising consumptions. When we feel good that we hold enough piece of the overall industry, we would then be able to begin to reduce expenses in this office. Accounts Observing spending and Andrews funds was maybe the most indispensable piece of our prosperity. In the prior long periods of our organization we took out enormous amounts of long haul obligation to help account interest in mechanization and bringing down the expense of creating sensors. Every year Andrews encountered a lofty increment in deals, while variable expenses step by step expanded (Exhibit 2). The additional obligation we took out at an opportune time we accept to have helped with the sensational increment in benefits every year (Exhibit 3). One thing Andrews could have never really help with the expansion in benefits was to give stock, which would have helped raise increasingly cash-flow to put resources into limit abilities. Notwithstanding, we felt that giving stock would have weakened the cost. We effectively raised our stock cost to $281.95 before the finish of 2021 (Exhibit 4). A 723% expansion from the beginning of 2014. Creation An obstruction for additional accomplishment of Andrews Company was creation versus limit. While creation was as much as 18,000+, limit just came about in approximately 11,000. Every year we progressively put increasingly more in robotization and limit because of our rising benefits, which permitted us to improve our edges (Exhibit 5). We ought to have appropriately put resources into limit in the previous rounds to help overcome any issues among limit and creation. Be that as it may, Andrews’s methodology was to concentrate on effectively modifying our items on the perceptual guide to their optimal spots and we intended to never contribute to such an extent this couldn't occur. TQM and Human Resources In 2017, Andrews fulfilled work needs and we paid our representatives a higher rate than contenders. This strategy had the option to place a portion of different representatives in serious firms to protest for a few days, bringing about a higher piece of the overall industry and a superior notoriety among clients and potential workers. Andrews likewise went through cash every year on preparing representatives for a limit of 80 hour and enrolling spend of about $4.5 million every year, expanding our efficiency list to 129.9% before the finish of 2021. Toward the start of 2016, Andrews settled on an official choice to put resources into complete quality administration. Of a spending plan of $4 million, we assigned $1.5 million in 2016 and 2017, at that point another $600 thousand of every 2018. After this sum was spent, we would have seen unavoidable losses and picked to top out at $3.6 million. The generous speculation permitted us to decrease work and material expenses, while expanding request, therefore permitting us to consistently build benefits every year, particularly during this three-year length when contenders didn't spend enough in TQM. The Future of Andrews Andrews Company will keep on utilizing its strategy for wide separation in the forthcoming years and plans to give stock so as to help with putting resources into limit gives that we’ve had before. We will keep on spending on promoting, innovative work and repaying our representatives enough so as to keep our high piece of the pie. Recognizing our items will keep on being absolutely critical, offering customer base a prevalent plan. Supplement

Free Essays on Artificial Intelligence

for example, â€Å"Wreck a decent beach† and â€Å"recognize speech† are two expressions that are phonetically fundamentally the same as, despite the fact that they share next to no significance for all intents and purpose. The predicament for PCs would not be one for people with their normal capacity to grasp and finish up the two contrasts and make the right suspicion of the two. Notwithstanding the contention for getting language, we have various different issues that machines fa... Free Essays on Artificial Intelligence Free Essays on Artificial Intelligence As of late, the media has spent an expanding measure of communicate time on new innovation. The focal point of cutting edge media has been focused on the whirlwind of advances concerning computerized reasoning (AI). What is computerized reasoning and what is the media discussing? Are these innovations useful to our general public or insignificant curiosities among business and showcasing experts? Clinical offices, police divisions, and assembling plants have all been changed by AI yet how? These inquiries and numerous others are the worry of the overall population achieved by the absence of training concerning quickly propelling PC innovation. Man-made brainpower is characterized as the capacity of a machine to have an independent mind. Researchers and scholars keep on discussing if PCs will really have the option to think for themselves at a certain point (Patterson 7). The for the most part acknowledged hypothesis is that PCs do and will think more later on. Simulated intelligence has developed quickly over the most recent ten years mainly due to the advances in PC design. The term man-made reasoning was really instituted in 1956 by a gathering of researchers having their first gathering on the theme (Patterson 6). Early endeavors at AI were neural systems demonstrated after the ones in the human cerebrum. Achievement was insignificant, best case scenario as a result of the absence of PC innovation expected to compute such enormous conditions. Computer based intelligence is accomplished utilizing various techniques. The more famous executions contain neural systems, tumult building, fluffy rationale, information based frameworks, and master frameworks. Utilizing any of the previously mentioned plan structures requires a specific PC framework. For instance, Anderson Consulting applies an information based framework to business credit officials utilizing interactive media (Hedburg 121). Their framework requires a quick IBM work station. Different frameworks may require significantly more pull utilizing fascinating PCs or workstations. Much more e... Free Essays on Artificial Intelligence Knowledge By: John Cruz Man-made reasoning once something that individuals thought could just come out of sci-fi books and films. However, today that could all change due to a robot called Cog. Gear-tooth is a computerized reasoning that it’s makers have given a body. He is the eventual fate of AI and a fresh start for the field. His maker , Rogney Brooks, an educator of electrical designing and software engineering, thought of making machine gear-piece, from motivation from a man-made reasoning that was delineated in the film, 2001:A Space Odyssey. In the film, Hal, the AI, controlled a huge space create. Rather than making a cerebrum in a crate like in the film, Rodney is placing the psyche of a human into the body of a robot. Gear-tooth isn’t yet a genuine humanoid robot. At the present time he is minimal more that a head, neck , shoulders, chest and midriff. He is roosted on a dim steel platform darted to the floor of the Artificial knowledge lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y. Still no other machine has come nearer to the humanoid robots of sci-fi. Machine gear-piece foretells the day where robots will collaborate ordinarily with us. Cog’s makers are attempting to do only that. Machine gear-piece is a long ways from what HAL was thought, since he has some life structures. HAL was simply fundamentally a mind in a container. What they are attempting to achieve with machine gear-piece, is to furnish a cerebrum with a body, that has sensors so it can find out about its condition all alone, much like a newborn child does. Making a humanoid was a major jump for Brooks. His last endeavor in to the AI world established a major connection with the computerized reasoning network. He made little robots the rushed around like creepy crawlies. For reasons unknown, however, that these little animals share much for all intents and purpose with Cog. The two of them do no utilization the typical AI approach that most other Mobil robots use. These different robot s, would need to convey a total guide of the world that the machine will experience. That would work balance... Free Essays on Artificial Intelligence â€Å"Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) is the science and designing of building smart machines.† Within this interesting field there are three principle schools of AI: individuals attempting to demonstrate what people do (kind of brain research based) individuals attempting to make what individuals improve (devices for people), and individuals who are attempting to assemble new devices with â€Å"far out† capacities. Thinking about the three schools of computerized reasoning, they all compound to one point; individuals attempting to fabricate machines that would display what people do. Mirroring human conduct as the primary objective is by all accounts a truly achievable one. To duplicate human conduct you should additionally dissect what individuals do effortlessly. Consider what we do subliminally absent a lot of exertion is hard to a PC. We do various; even different assignments at the same time that can make a machine lurch more than once attempting to impersonate us. First we have our essential want of imparting, which comes exceptionally simple to us however to a machine to get language and use it as needs be would be extremely troublesome. The purpose behind this is language has various issues related with it. One issue would be just the language structure of the syntax. There is innovation even today available that includes discourse correspondence to make word handling much progressively open and simpler for people. Determinedly as the developers chipped away at their programming they despite everything experienced one significant situation related with their product bundle. A series of words, for example, â€Å"Wreck a pleasant beach† and â€Å"recognize speech† are two expressions that are phonetically fundamentally the same as, despite the fact that they share next to no importance practically speaking. The situation for PCs would not be one for people with their normal capacity to appreciate and close the two contrasts and m ake the right presumption of the two. Notwithstanding the contention for getting language, we have various different issues that machines fa...

9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas Shopping

9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas Shopping 9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas Shopping 9 Tips for Last-Minute Christmas ShoppingYou promised yourself: this year it would be different. This would be the year that you got all your Christmas shopping done early, the year you wouldn’t wait until the very last second to buy gifts for your family, friends and loved ones. Sure, putting off Christmas shopping was what you did last year. And the year before that. And the decade before that. But this year, no. This year, things were going to be different.Oops.Now here you sit, on Christmas Eve-Eve-Eve, with a shopping list a mile long and a very un-Christmas-like sense of impending doom. But don’t worry, all hope is not lost. We have shopping tricks and tips, as well as some recommendations for great gifts that you can purchase at the very last second.So take a deep breath, take a big gulp of caffeine, and let’s get to work!1. Amazon PrimeIf you already have Amazon Prime, congratulations! You might have a chance of ordering stuff and having it arrive in time for Christmas. Not only that, but you get free 2-day shipping and could possibly qualify for free one-day or same-day shipping.Receiving your items shipped on-time isn’t a guarantee, though. So be careful. It depends on where you’re having the items shipped to. For instance, OppLoans is headquartered in Chicago, where there are already two local distribution centers (and plans for a third). For us, getting our packages on time is pretty easy. But if you’re located somewhere that isn’t near a distribution center, like in Jackson, MS, it’s going to take your stuff a little longer to get there.For folks who don’t have Amazon Prime, here’s a little trick you can use: sign-up for a free, 30-day trial. You can take advantage of the free-shipping benefits and then cancel your subscription before the trial period is up.2. Order Online, Pick Up In-Store.This option is available through most major retailers, and it’s a great way to make your shopping more efficient. Just select the “pick up in-store” option on their website and then follow the instructions. Usually, they’ll have you go to their Guest/Customer Services area where youll be able to pick up your item.Don’t expect that you’ll be able to pick-up any item in-store, though. In many instances, a retailer will not have that option available for certain items. And sometimes, your local store might simply not have the item you want in stock. (This is one of the downsides of waiting until the last minute.)If you can’t reserve the item online, go ahead and call the store to see if they have the item in stock. You might not be able to reserve it, but you can at least go to the store knowing that they have what you’re looking for. (Doesn’t guarantee that they’ll still have it by the time you get there, but that’s a risk you’ll have to take.) When shopping last-minute, time management is critical.3. Shop During Non-Peak Hours“Non-peak hours” is retail-speak for “really early or really late. ” Basically, don’t go at times when everyone else is going. That way, you won’t have to deal with long lines, and you can hit more stores. It’s really that simple.Ideally, you should be going early. Stores restock overnight, so you’re more likely to find the stuff on your list. Going late at night can mean that the store’s shelves have been entirely picked through by the time you get there. If the store looks to be out of something, make sure you ask the staff to check whether or not they have any remaining units in the back.Here’s one area where major retailers have definitely got your back. A lot of them are extending their hours to accommodate last minute shoppers. Heck, this year Kohl’s is going to be open for 107 hours straight leading up to Christmas.4. Compare Deals and Find DiscountsOne of the big problems with last-minute shopping is that you can end up getting gouged with high prices. If it’s 11:55 pm on Christmas Eve and you’re desperately looking for that new Rogue One toy at Target, you don’t have much of a choice to search for a better price.Luckily, it’s easier than ever now to compare prices between different retailers and locate promo codes that’ll knock your price tag down even further.If you’re looking to compare prices, here are five fantastic website that you can use:PriceGrabber.comGoogle ShoppingShopping.netNextag.comShopzillaLikewise, if you want to find promo codes to help you save, you should check out these five sites:DealNews.comSlickDeals.comRetailMeNot.comBradsDeals.comCouponSherpa.comThere are also a lot of great price comparison apps out there. Just make sure if you use one that it’s not an app designed for comparing prices while you’re shopping at the store. (Most of these include some kind of “bar code scan” feature.) One you’re at the store, you want to be making your purchases and moving on.Hopping from store to store looking for the absolute price is a great strategy for running out of time.5. Keep Your ReceiptsLook, if you’re shopping at the last-minute, you’ve pretty much given up the right to be super picky. This might mean compromising on something like color, extra features, even specific brands. Sometimes, you might just have to make the best purchase available, even if it’s not what your gift recipient specifically requested.However, if the person you’re buying a gift for is the picky type, holding onto the gift receipt is a great way to make sure they can still get what they asked for. Gift receipts don’t include the price tag, and they can make exchanging the gift easy.There is literally no reason to not hold onto your gift receipts. They’re a classic example of something that you’d rather have and not need. Because the reverseâ€"needing them and not having themâ€"is not a pickle you want to find yourself in.6. Gift BoxesIf you’re a regular listener to podcasts (literally any podcast) then you’re probably familiar with gift boxes. These are subscription servicesâ€"some of them weekly, some monthly, other quarterlyâ€"where you get fun/awesome/delicious stuff delivered to your door.Gift boxes have been increasing in popularity for years. At this point, there is pretty much a gift box for everyone. And because the subscription won’t start till 2017, they’re make for perfect last-minute Christmas gifts.Here are some of our favorites:Blue Apron: tasty recipes, easy instructions, and fresh ingredients delivered right to your door. Perfect for someone who wants to cook more but doesn’t have the time, energy or advanced know-how to make it happen.Book(ish) Box: the perfect box for the literary-minded person in your life. Working with small businesses and occasional guest authors, this box delivers 3-5 items and a t-shirt each month that are inspired by a different theme.BarkBox: Every month, they send you different kinds of bark. Just kidding! This is a gift box for dog lovers. Every month they send new toys, treats, and goodies to get those puppy tails a’ wagging.LootCrate: No, this isn’t a crate filled with stolen goods. It’s a box with stuff aimed at gamers and fans of geek culture. Past crates have included items inspired by Labyrinth, The Incredible Hulk, BioShock, and The Fifth Element.DollarShave Club: With a high-quality razors and men’s grooming products delivered on the cheap, this club might be a great way to gently hint to your friend that, no matter how much they try, that moustache they’re growing just ain’t gonna work out.If you didn’t find any of those options particularly inspiring, we recommend you check out CrateJoy.com. If there’s a gift box subscription out there that’s right for you (and for your gift recipient) CrateJoy is the place to find it.7. SubscriptionsInstead of getting that TV or movie lover in your life a single movie or boxset, why not give them access to hundreds of movies and tv shows? Some of the best streaming platforms for TV and movies i nclude:NetflixAmazon Prime VideoHuluSling OrangeOr what about a subscription for the book lover in your life? Some of the top subscription services for eBooks are:Kindle UnlimitedScribdPlaysterOysterFor audiobooks, you should look at:AudibleSimplyAudioBooksOverDriveScribd (again)You could even get a subscription to a newspaper or magazine! Most newspaper subscriptions have a digital only or a digital + Sunday edition. And most magazines have content that is only available for subscribers.8. Gift CardsOkay, so this is a bit of a cop-out. Gift cards are the classic example of a gift someone gets you when they don’t have time to shop for you. When it comes to that special, personal touch, gift cards are most definitely lacking.Here’s the thing about gift cards though: they let you buy things you actually want. People might poo-poo them in theory, but in practice … they’re pretty dang nice.Most gift cards can be purchased at a discount too. Take a look at the deal finder and pro mo code sites listed earlier in this article; most of them will have gift card discounts that can help you stretch your holiday shopping budget just a little bit further.A good place to find gift card discounts IRL is at your local gas station. No really! They use discounted cards as a way to encourage people to shop there. We bet you never thought that buying Christmas gifts at the gas station could turn out to be such a good idea!9. ExperiencesMany of the best things in our life aren’t actually things at all. They’re experiences. Think about buying your friend or loved one a package for a spa day, tickets to see their favorite band or sports team, or a gift certificate for their favorite restaurant.Groupon.com has a ton of deals for spas, restaurants, concerts, plays, sports events and other (sometimes weirder) types of experiences. And they’re not the only game in town either. Take some time to think about what kind of stuff your gift-recipient likes to do, and then take so me more time to hunt down the perfect experience that you can buy for them.Even though the clock is ticking down, we can assure you that the time you take to figure this out will be time well spent. Plus, once you’ve decided, making the purchase itself is just a few clicks away.Good luck, last-minute shoppers! And remember: next year, it’ll be different.

How to Pronounce the French Words Au and Eau

Many languages, including French, have words that are spelled differently yet pronounced the same way. Two of the most common of these words in French are  eau  and  au. Eau  is a noun meaning water in English, and  au  is the definite article the. These letters also function as a common vowel combination, producing the same phonetic sound. Pronunciation Guide The French vowel combinations in eau (singular) and eaux (plural) are pronounced like the closed  O sound, similar to the English pronunciation of eau in eau de cologne but more elongated. The French letter combinations ​au  (singular) and aux (plural)  are pronounced exactly the same way. Its important to master this sound because it appears in so many French words. When pronouncing the sound, the lips are pursed to actually form the shape of an o. This physical component is key to correct French pronunciation. Remember, to speak in French, you have to open your mouth—much more than we do in English. So allez-y. (Go ahead.) Click on the links below to hear the words pronounced in French:   Ã‚  Ã‚  eau  Ã‚  (water)  Ã‚  Ã‚  beau  Ã‚  (handsome, beautiful)  Ã‚  Ã‚  cadeau  Ã‚  (gift)  Ã‚  Ã‚  agneau  Ã‚  (lamb) Listen closely: The g is not pronounced, so you must say ah-nyo.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  beaucoup  Ã‚  (a lot)  Ã‚  Ã‚  bureau  Ã‚  (office, desk)  Ã‚  Ã‚  chapeau  Ã‚  Ã‚  (hat) Expand Your Vocabulary The vowel combinations eau, eaux, au, and aux in the words below  are pronounced exactly the same as in the words above. Click on any of the links above to remind yourself exactly how these letter combinations are pronounced. As  you recall, they are all pronounced exactly the same. gà ¢teau (cake)bateau (boat)chà ¢teaux (castles)auto (car)mauvais (bad)chaud (hot)cauchemar (nightmare)restaurant (restaurant)chevaux (horses)journaux (newspapers) Examples: Je vais  au  restaurant.   Im going to the restaurant.Je mets mon beau chapeau sur le bateau qui flotte sur leau et qui part au Portugal oà ¹ il fait chaud. I put my beautiful hat on the boat which floats on the water and which is leaving for Portugal where it is hot.

Database Analysis Database Management System Essay

Database Security Databases are used to store different types of information, from data on an e-mail account to important data of government agencies. The security of the database inherits the same difficulties of security facing the information, which is to ensure the integrity, availability and confidentiality. Database management system must provide mechanisms that will assist in this task. SQL databases implement mechanisms that restrict or enable access to data according to profiles or roles provided by the administrator. (Mittal, 2009). The â€Å"GRANT† command grants specific privileges to an object (table, view, sequence, database, function, procedural, schema, or table space language) for one or more users or groups of users. The concern with the creation and maintenance of secure environments is one of the main concerns of the network administrator, operating systems and databases. Research shows that most of the attacks, theft of information and access non - authori zed are carried out by people belonging to the organization. For this reason, these professionals strive to both create and use tools in order to eliminate unauthorized access or reduce the opportunities of success of attempts to attack either internal or external. Information systems access controls must certify that all the shortcuts to the system happen exclusively according to modalities and pre-scheduled rules observed by protection directives/policies (Ben Natan, 205). Generally, securityShow MoreRelatedDatabase Analysis : Database Management System1137 Words   |  5 Pages Summary: Database Management System in easy terms we can say that set of data organized in a relative way. It allows data for various entries, storage and retrieval of large quantity of information and provides ways to manage how the information is stored. There is big number of database providers and each different database has its own strength so while choosing a particular database we need to understand what the business requirement is and match them with what DBMS can provide us to make ourRead MoreDatabase Analysis : Database Management System Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesDatabases are fundamentally containers for data. When data for any organization needs to be stored, databases can be used. For example, let’s say a public library stores books, we could say that the library is a database of books. But specifically, databases are computer structures that save, organize, safeguard and produce and/or deliver data. A database platform is essentially a database management system (D BMS) which is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applicationsRead MoreDatabase Analysis : Database Management System1114 Words   |  5 Pageson database environment and development process. Database is an organized collection of logically related data. It consists of tables, queries, views and other objects. Database management system is a software system used for creating and managing databases. It is a collection of programs used to store, modify and extract information from database. It helps users and programmers for creating updating and managing the data in a systematic way. There are many types of database management system rangingRead MoreDatabase Analysis : Database Management System Essay2010 Words   |  9 PagesChoosing A Database Everyday the world progressively moves towards a digital future, and the use of physical data storage, such as files in filing cabinets, are becoming obsolete. Most companies store their information into databases to easily manage and share their data within the organization. A database management system (DBMS) is needed to to create, use and maintain databases for the efficient storage and retrieval of data. Why Choose a Database? 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Functions of a Database Management System Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS) †¢ Storage, Access And Provide DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. †¢ Acquisition of the necessary and appropriate documents. †¢ Provide Free Catalog DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed by users. †¢ Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents. †¢ Supports TransactionsRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1117 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES â€Æ' 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVALRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1527 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer: What is database management system? Database Management System is a database program. The DBMS manage incoming data, organize it, and provided ways for the data to be modified or extract by users or other programs. This cause, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. For example, commonRead MoreDatabase Analysis : Database Management System933 Words   |  4 PagesA database could be as simple as an alphabetical arrangement of names in an address book or as complex as a database that provides information in a combination of formats. For example a library can be considered a database because a library stores books therefore it is a database of books. But computer databases collect information and organize such to enable efficient retrieval in formats such as electronically, graphically, audibly, statistically or physically; printed on paper. Computers processRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Data Stored Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesas technology has seen numerous advancements throughout the past century. In the 1900s databases began as â€Å"computer hard disks† and in 1965, after many other discoveries including voice recognition, â€Å"the US Government plans the world’s first data center to store 742 million tax returns and 175 million sets of fingerprints on magnetic tape.† The evolution of data and how it evolved into forming large databases continues in 1991 when the internet began to pop up and â€Å"digital storage became more cost

Csr on Chevron and Kellogg’s Free Essays

Introduction In business world companies are interested in how to maintain or increase shareholder values and profit. So, in order to give something back to the general public, those companies have to assume their responsibilities by being aware of the effects of their activities in the community and take measures to control them because this can affect the community and the environment by polluting the air, destroying the ecosystem, over using natural resources and so on. CSR is often called corporate citizen which means that companies should be good neighbors of the community not to work against it but collaborate with the citizen or the society in order to increase their welfare, to make a community a better place to live. We will write a custom essay sample on Csr on Chevron and Kellogg’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now (catalyst consortium, july 2002) What Corporate Social Responsibility is all about? In the other hand companies have to limit the excess damage on the environment, and help people in the economic development this is a way of behaving ethically in a business, cooperate with loyal spirit, ethical values, global measures and develop a general positive impact of the business on the society. hen a company choose to be socially responsible they better be prepared to go through some difficulties and critics about the way they operate, and the goals they want to achieve and must not forget the main purpose of the business which is making profit, Development: Chevron’s background: * CHEVRON is an American second oil company which has been founded in 1879 by an American group of explorers since then chevron has changed its name more than once but it took its name â€Å"chevron† in 1984 and it has worked with many other oil companies like Texaco and many more, the company now hav e 58,000employees and 4,000 service station employees. chevron, 2011) * KELLOGG’S is a company which produce product comes from cereals the company has started in 1906 by W. K KELLOGG’S in USA, it started with 44employeees but now it has become one of the big company in the world which sell its products in about 180 countries around the world (kellogg’s, 2011) So now we are going to see how these companies operate in social responsibility in environment and community its work in As chevron company which produce oil, it has a huge responsibility to defend its activities for it to keep a good impression from the society so this is how it operate in CSR: Environment| chevron| Kellogg’s| | * protect environment in Indonesia include animals in a park by providing it energy and support guards * Promote agriculture and help farmers in that same region * Water treatment : like clean a pond into fresh water so that people can use the former pond in agriculture * Create committee called ESHIA (environment, social and health impact assessment), in charge of studying a project prior to execution to ensure if is not a threat or a danger to the environment so that the ESHIA can see how to avoid it or reduce the negative consequences it have on the environment(chevron, 2011)| * its aim is to decrease the quantity of GHG they send into the atmosphere * new system of environment protection called K-CAPP (cares about people and planet) in supervising every Kellogg’s factory in context of avoid danger * prevent lack of water: reduce water consummation of their product where they replace the former method of cleaning their crops with dr y technique to the wet system of cleaning * packaging recycle : the statistics shows that 93% of Kellogg’s waste is recycled and the 7% is used in nursing animals and producing energy (kellogg’s, 2010)| CHEVRON and KELLOGG’S are both involved in the conservation of the environment and try to limit the damages caused by their activities on the ecosystem and guaranty the safety of the people who are using their products, it comes to wonder if what companies tell us is real . For example the consequences of CHEVRON’s operations in Ecuador’s Amazon where they have intentionally threw 18. 5 billion gallons of toxic waste have caused cancer, birth defects, death and damages to the surrounding of the city dwellers. And what’s more the recent case of oil spillage which caused serious problem to the environment in Brazil. (Rain forest action network, 2010). Another example of a company which their report is not the same as their activities on the field is the British oil company called BP. Indeed they say that they are doing the CSR based on what their former president said â€Å" we want to operate in a friendly environment in order of renewable and lasting energy with a genuine concern for the environment â€Å" but this is different of what happened these past years , as a matter of fact in 2010 the release of oil in the gulf of Mexico damaged almost everything near the coast , people lost their jobs, some of the species who were living there died, and still now there is a problem of cleaning the water in the gulf because it has been pollute. So based on this example we can ask ourselves if there is a real CSR in BP and CHEVRON’s operations when they cannot control the dangerousness of their activities and be more careful about their effects on people and the environment. ommunity| Chevron | Kellogg’s| | * promote small enterprises where it invest about 25$million * create new jobs and train employees, like in Luanda (Angola) about 143 new jobs were created in 2010 * In education , 2000 students got entrepreneur courses and provide trainings to teachers but in partnership with UNESCO and UNICEF * chevron and bank of Angola collaborate to facilitate people to get loan for their business development * with the partnership of a project called PROAGRO they assist farmers to increase their productivity * provide vaccination in Angola and Congo to eradicate a disease called polio chevron and its partners invested about 29million $ in medical training in 20 past years (chevron, 2011)| * provide breakfast to school’s children around the world so that program cost about $400,000 no profit * donate cashes and kellogg’s product to assist people in Japan , Haiti, Australia caused by the disaster, when in 2010 * in 2011 it donate $500,000 to the American cross to give their hand in Japan during the disaster ,and also it intervene in Chile after 1month in Mexico * 165 children received scholarship for them to continue their stu dies * Encourage children to practice sport when it sponsors schools in Sweden . (kellogg’s, 2010)| KELLOGG’S show us their involvement in community welfare but we still find some customers complaining about the ingredients of their products , which is increasing obesity among people in USA (Robinson, 2010) and there are other companies such as NIKE , where employees work in a bad condition , children working in their factories ,over time work and all of that they just earn a miserable salary which doesn’t match on the efforts they put into the manufacturing of the product which the company will sell at high price. But they defend themselves by saying that there are not implied in this situation because they design the product and retailers produce them so they pretend there are not involved in the manufacturing process therefore, not linked to the situation they are accused for ,even if they are indirectly implied they have to control every single thing which is done under their name and which could affect their reputation, so this is a lesson to other companies that social responsibility starts within the organization with their employees before it spread out to the community , because those employees are one of the most reliable advertising tool of the company . So they have interest to treat them well for them to insure the confidence of customers and employees (stephen p. , 2003) CSR is not only community which benefit from it but also companies ,when there are doing CSR this is a kind of advertising or save their reputation , and attract more confidence from their customers Conclusion: we can’t blame all companies which are not doing CSR or to do it wrong, because it’s not always about managers of the company who don’t want to do it but there are shareholders who don’t want to spend their money in CSR all they want is to insure the maximization of their profit and there are those which avoid criticize or being treated as hypocrisy and always be compared to others, try to please the community by doing CSR, (KARNANI, 2010) but also increase their profit and social responsibility and still reducing dangers of their operations ,because there are those companies which think that doing CSR is about spending money which will give them more expenditures by participating in for example charitable activities . (two tomorrows, jun 2009) and manager don’t know how to differentiate till now , a social responsibility and social responsiveness , which is make a practical decisions about the societal actions in which it operate for it s to satisfied some expressed social needs because is guided by social norms , because manager focus just on things which increase profits, and this is most of the time because of some shareholders who don’t want to spend their money in CSR , yes, is all businessman want but they can just try to do good hings to the society not just economic but also socially, by starting with their employees they work with by facilitate them and give them some opportunities. So if all all companies , instead of using a lot of money in advertising , to use it in charities this can be a good advertisement by doing good also to the society and the environment they work in ,and for those which do it already, they need to improve their way of doing CSR not only to advertise and restore the reputation, This is not only about doing things ethically or to fill their CSR report but also conduct the business in a responsible manner not because there are required to do it but because it’s their duty. (baker, jun 2004) . o do like KELLOGG’S, CHEVRON, BP , NIKE and many others are doing, because they owe it to the society and the environment ,for example by improving working condition of their employees ,expanding employees rights and increasing job security, building schools to develop education ,in case of health also distribute medicines and construction of hospitals, and offer opportunities their employees and let people who are in same area take advantage of their presence by offering them jobs or constructing infrastructures,†¦ (businessdictionary. com, 2011) People don’t just need words or CSR report on their website , they just want to see proof of what companies are capable to do for the society not only economically but also socially because developing a place while it’s environmentally dying doesn’t mean any sense ,so companies have to see how to improve their CSR in those sector. How to cite Csr on Chevron and Kellogg’s, Essay examples

Steroids And Athletes Essay Example For Students

Steroids And Athletes Essay What kind of role model is Mark McGwire? Many people are familiar with hisseventy homeruns in one season, but do they know that he has been usingandrostenedione, a type of steroid that boosts testosterone levels? While it isperfectly legal in the United States and in the major leagues, it sends thewrong health message to athletes of every age. If young adults takeandrostenedione, or any other steroid, they may regret it for the rest of theirlives. Artificially high levels of testosterone have been shown to permanentlydamage the heart, trigger liver failure, and stunt a teenagers growth (Gorman21-22). All are too great of a price for any sport. What it all comes down to isthat we need to educate both ourselves and all intercollegiate athletes aboutthe risks involved with steroid use. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are chemicalderivatives of the male sex hormones. Anabolic refers to the constructive orbuilding-up process of the bodys metabolism. Androgen refers to male-life ormasculinizi ng characteristics. There are also two other types of steroids:estrogenic or corticosteroids. Estrogenic steroids produce female or feminizingcharacteristics, and corticosteroids originate in the cortex of the adrenalglands and have a shrinking effect. The latter is used to treat tissue stress,reduce inflammation, and to ease pain (Ringhofer 174). Users take steroids incycles lasting six to twelve weeks or more. Stacking, or the use of more thanone type of steroid, helps to maximize strength gains, minimize side effects,and avoid detection. To build size, strength, and speed, athletes often use 10to 100 times the medical dosage (Yesalis xxv). Anabolic-androgens can be takeneither by mouth, by injection, or, more recently, by skin creams or patches(Cowart 25). The two main reasons that athletes use steroids are to improveathletic performance and to improve their appearance. In 1985, Anderson andMcKeag did the first study of college athletes correlated with steroid use. Theyinterviewe d 2039 male and female athletes and discovered much new information. We will write a custom essay on Steroids And Athletes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nine percent of football players used anabolic-androgen steroids. Other malesports included track and field (4%), baseball (4%), tennis (4%), and basketball(3%). The only womens sport associated with steroid use was swimming, inwhich 1% were users. Five percent of Division I athletes were users in 1985, aswell as 4% of D-II and 2% of D-III athletes. The same study was repeated in1991, in which 2282 athletes were questioned. Overall, steroid use slightlyincreased, especially since three womens sports became associated withsteroid use. Swimming remained at 1%, but one percent of basketball players andtrack and field athletes also admitted to using the drugs. For mens sports,the figures are the following: football (10%), track and field (4%), baseball(2%), basketball (2%), and tennis (2%). Five percent of both Division I and IIathletes admitted to using steroids, as well as 4% of D-III athletes (Yesalis60). Since then, steroid use has decreased in Division I sports, but increasedamong f emales. Steroid use by adolescent girls in the US is low but significant(Cowart 61). The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to some cosmeticside effects. First, they have an effect of body hair. Body hair patterns aresteroid hormone dependent. Normal anabolic-androgenic steroid use can lead to anincrease in facial hair growth and a gradual recession of the hairline. Baldingis accelerated with long-term administration to normal individuals with thebalding gene. Androgens increase sebaceous gland size and secretion rates, whichcan result in acne. Relatively weak androgens can increase sebum production andskin lipid cholesterol content also. Lipid cholesterol content appears at peaklevels in the sebum excretion after three or four weeks of androgenadministration (Yesalis 115-116). Gynecomastia, the development of abnormalbreast tissue in males, occurs in men when estrogen levels increase orandrogen levels decrease relative to the amount of estrogen present (Yesalis116). Many other side effects occur that are not visible. Increase in appetite,energy, or aggressiveness, and a more rapid recovery from strenuous workouts maybe some of the first to appear. Anabolic-androgenic steroids can affect theliver and cardiovascular and reproductive systems. Liver function can bedamaged, resulting in jaundice, blood-filled cysts, and benign and malignanttumors. An increase in blood cholesterol levels and blood pressure can lead toearly development of heart disease, which can increase the risk of heart attacksand strokes. For males, production of naturally occurring hormones may beincreased, which can result in shrinking testes, low sperm count, andinfertility. In females, male-like characteristics may appear, such as broaderbacks, wider shoulders, thicker waists, flatter chests, more body and facialhair, and deeper voices. The clitoris may enlarge, and menstrual cycles maybecome irregular or stop completely (Ringhofer 175). The central nervous systemcan also be affect ed by anabolic-androgenic steroids. An increase in mentalawareness, elevation in mood, improvement in memory and concentration, and areduction of sensations of fatigue can all be partly related to the stimulatoryeffects on the central nervous system (Yesalis 163). When individualsdiscontinue use of steroids, their size and strength diminish, oftendramatically. These effects motivate renewed use (Yesalis 171). Physicaldependence on steroids, or any other drug, is characterized by symptoms ofwithdrawal (Yesalis 197). Dependent users are usually heavy users that more thanlikely began taking steroids before the age of sixteen. They complete more andlonger cycles of use, combine multiple anabolic steroid drugs simultaneously,and use injectable anabolic steroids. In addition, they are more likely toperceive peers as steroid users. Dependence can occur within nine to twelvemonths after initial use. Severe dependence is marked by an excess of dependencysymptoms and social dysfunction. Withd rawal from anabolic-androgenic steroidscan be broken down into two phases. The first phase may begin and end in thefirst week. It is characterized by increased pulse rate and blood pressure,chills, goose bumps, nausea, headaches, and dizziness. The individual is oftenanxious and irritable. In the second phase, which may begin in the first weekand last for months, the person shows depressive symptoms and has cravings (Yesalis205-6). The most critical task of prevention programs is to target the riskfactors of anabolic steroid dependence or abuse, which I hope that I have madeclear. Prevention programs must address the broader cultural context, especiallyin the U.S., that places high values on physical attractiveness and on winningcompetitions. Successful programs address these influences by providingalternatives for managing them. Treatment is needed when the severity ofdependence hinders the user from stopping safely on his or her own. The majorgoal of treatment is not only, abstine nce from anabolic steroids, but alsorestoration of health (Yesalis 208). As coaches of possible anabolic-androgenicsteroid users, I suggest three ways to educate your players. First, give a clearmessage that any non-medical use of steroids and other performance- orappearance-altering drugs is illegal and harmful to physical and emotionalhealth (Ringhofer 138). Promote the importance of participation, fun, and fairplay in sports instead of win-at-all-costs values. Lastly, point out thatthe physiques of body builders, and other role models like McGwire, do notrepresent healthy or necessarily attractive ideals for young people to follow. .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f , .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .postImageUrl , .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f , .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:hover , .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:visited , .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:active { border:0!important; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:active , .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5b7722ea44292d85314534c0d3f892f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Infinity Mirror Argumentative EssayCoaches need to accept the responsibility of making their players aware of thedangers of steroid use. If they do not, then who will?BibliographyCowart, Virgina. The Steroids Game. Chicago: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1998. Gorman, Christine. Muscle Madness. Time. 7 September 1998: 21-22. Ringhofer, Kevin R. Coaches Guide to Drugs and Sports. Champaign: Human KineticsPublishers, 1996. Yesalis, Charles E. Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1996.

Confederation of 1867 Essay Example

Confederation of 1867 Essay Example Confederation of 1867 Paper Confederation of 1867 Paper Union is power. Work in unity is better than working individually. That is why the British North Americans thought of confederation. An individual or single power will most likely have a hard time fighting against a group of people with lots of power. The colonies wanted to join together so that they could fight against the United States. If the groups of colonies didn’t join together, they wouldn’t have the power to prevent the United States from controlling all of North America. There is also other reasons for why the Confederation of 1867 happened, like the ending of BNA’s trade relations with Britian and the U. S. the Fenian Raids, Political deadlock, and the impact of â€Å"Manufast Destiny† as the main cause of Confederation. With the threats of the Americans, that they were trying to invade the colonies a few times caused a big problem for Canada. The Americans could have easily invaded Canada at that time. â€Å"Manifest Destiny† is the beli ef that the Americans have, they thought that they could control all of North America, as the United States of America Secretary of State, William Seward said, â€Å"I know that God intends that this whole continent shall be, sooner or later, within the magic circle of the United States. †(Doc 1. The political deadlock was part of the reason why confederation happened. The government from both Canada East and Canada West couldn’t pass any of the laws, because they needed â€Å"double majority†. The problem that the French and the English had, were that they were not agreeing on everything. So nothing got achieved. As the Politician of Canada East said: â€Å" We have five colonies and in order to become a great nation they need only to be brought together under one central Government. The matter comes down to this, either we form a British American Confederation or we will be absorbed into the United States of America. (Doc 7) The other group called the Fenian Raids were attacking the colonies with the reason of potato famine. They thought that the British invaded Ireland and blamed that the potato famine was caused by Britain. Many Fenians were soldiers in the army for the northern states. They captured Fort Erie in May of 1866, but later lost control and headed back up to Buffalo because of their back-up troops. That same year, they crossed into Quebec, staying there for two days as well as ineffectively attacking the New Brunswick border. Together the Canadians joined to defend the Americans. Another significant reason which led to the Confederation of 1867 was the ending of BNA’S trade relations with Britian and the US. Both Britian’s repeal of the Corn laws and the US ending of Reciprocity Treaty left Canada in depression and no place to send its goods. Through confederation the colonies would remove any tariffs which would allow them to freely trade their goods between the colonies. The united colonies would benefit from a natural trade relationship and would experience their own economic prosperity. In contrast, there are also factors opposing Confederation, like economic would have on the Maritime Provinces. Many of the population of Canada West argued that â€Å"Confederation opens a wide field for industry, experience and and ambition.. most classes of the population will gain from the union and none that I can see, can possibly lose by the union,† (Doc 4. )as said by John MacDonald who was a politician of Canada West in a letter to Prince Edward Islands in an attempt to convince the Maritimes to Confederate. In conclusion, the minority of the population, primarily the French, argued that confederation was a negative implication on preserving their culture. The majority of the population felt that through Confederation the unification would create powerful trade interaction between the colonies and the ability to defend itself from the potential threats. After all, the confederation was finally achieved in 1867. Sir John A. Macdonald then became the first prime minister of Canada. He stated that â€Å"If we wish to be a great people, if we wish to form a great nationality, commanding the respect of the world, able to hold our own against all opponents his can only be obtained by Confederation. If we so not take advantage of the time, if we show ourselves unequal to the occasion, it may never return, and we shall hereafter bitterly regret having failed to embrace the opportunity now offered of founding a great nation.. †(Doc. 10. ) The BNA act united the provinces of Canada with the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Ever since then Canadian’s celebrate Canada Day to mark when Canada was considered as one nation.

Where to Find the Best DBQ Examples

Where to Find the Best DBQ Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the best ways to prepare for the DBQ (the "document-based question" on the AP European History, AP US History, and AP World History exams) is to look over sample questions and example essays.Doing this will help you to get a sense of what makes a good (and what makes a bad) DBQ response. That said, not all DBQ essay examples are created equal. I’ll briefly cover what makes a good DBQ example and then provide a list of example essays by course. Lastly, I’ll give you some helpful tips on how to best use sample essays in your own preparation process. What's a Good DBQ Example? Without a doubt, the best sample resources come from the College Board.This is because they are the ones who design and administer the AP exams. This means the following: Any DBQ essay example that the College Board provides will include a real DBQ prompt All samples are real student responses from previous years, so you know they were written under the same conditions you'll have when you write your DBQ- in other words, they're authentic! They not only have scores but also explanations of each essay's score,in accordance with the rubric Each prompt includes several sample essays with a variety of scores Some DBQ examples outside those available from the College Board might be worth looking at, particularly if they highlight how a particular essay could be improved. In general, though, a superior example will do the following: Include the prompt and documents:It will be much easier for you to see how the information from the documents is integrated into the essay if you can actually look at the documents themselves! Have a score:Seems simple, but you'd be surprised how many DBQ examples out there in the uncharted internet don't have one. Without a real, official score, it's hard to gauge how trustworthy a sample actually is. With that in mind, I have compiled lists, organized by exam, of high-quality example DBQs below. Don't spend all your study time sharpening your pencil. Every DBQ Example Essay You Could Ever Need, by Exam Here are your example essays! We'll start with AP US History, then move to AP European History, and finally wrap up with AP World History. AP US History: Official College Board Examples Because of the test redesign in 2015, there are right now only four official College Board sets of sample essays that use the current rubric: 2018 Free-Response Questions| Sample DBQ Responses 2018 2017 Free-Response Questions| Sample DBQ Responses 2017 2016 Free-Response Questions| Sample DBQ Responses 2016 2015 Free-Response Questions| Sample DBQ Responses 2015 If you want additional sample question sets, you canlook at older College Board US History DBQ example response sets.To look at these, click "Free-Response Questions" for a given year. For the corresponding DBQ examples and scoring guidelines, click "Sample Responses Q1." Note that these examples use the old rubric (which is integrated into the Scoring Guidelines for a given free-response section). General comments on the quality of the essay, outside information, and document analysis still apply, but the score is on a 9-point scale instead of the current 7-point scale, and some of the particulars will be different. Older DBQs had up to 12 documents, while the current format has six to seven documents. If you do look at older DBQ examples, I recommend using the current rubric (as of 2017)to re-grade the essays in the sample according to the 7-point scale. I'll also give more advice on how to use all these samples in your prep later on. Mr. Bald Eagle is an AP US History DBQ grader in his spare time. AP European History: Official College Board Examples Unfortunately, there aren't as many sample resources for the AP Euro DBQ compared to the other AP history tests because 2016 was the first year the AP Euro test was administered in the new format. This means there are only three sets of official samples graded with the current 7-point rubric: 2018 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2018 2017 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2017 2016 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2016 The rest of the existing available samples were graded in the old 9-point format instead of the 7-point format implemented in 2016. In the old format there were6 "core" points and 3 additional points possible. The old rubric is integrated with the sample responses for each question, but I'll highlight some key differences between the old and current formats: With the old format, you were given a brief "historical background" section before the documents There were more documents- up to 12- but the current format has six to seven There was an emphasis on "grouping" the documents that is not present in the current rubric There was also explicit emphasis on correctly interpreting the documents that is not found in the current rubric While the essential components of the DBQ are still the same between the two test formats,you should definitely refer to the current rubricif you decide to look at any old AP European History samples. You might find ituseful to look at old essays and score them in accordance with the current rubric. Here are the old sample DBQ questions and essays, organized by year: 2015 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2015 2014 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2014 2013 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2013 2012 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2012 2011 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2011 You can get samples in the old format all the way back to 2000 from the College Board. (Click "Free -Response Questions" for the questions and "Sample Response Q1" for the samples.) Consider how you might integrate this castle into the DBQ that is your life. AP World History: Official College Board Examples The World History AP exam transitioned to a new format to more resemble AP US History and AP European History for the 2017 test. This means that there are only two past exams available that use the current DBQ format: 2018 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2018 2017 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2017 In the old format there were7 "core" points and 2 additional points possible. The old rubric is integrated with the sample responses for each question, but I’ll highlight some key differences between the old and current formats: There were more documents- up to 10- but the current format has six to seven There was an emphasis on "grouping" the documents on the old rubric that is not present in the current rubric There was also explicit emphasis on correctly interpreting the documents that is not found in the current rubric In the old rubric, you needed to identify one additional document that would aid in your analysis; the new rubric does not have this requirement The essential components of the DBQ are still the same between the two formats, although you should definitely look at the current rubricif you study with any old AP World History questions and samples.You might find ituseful to look at the old essays and score them according to the current rubric. Here are old AP World History questions and DBQ sample responses, organized by year: 2016 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2016 2015 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2015 2014 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2014 2013 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2013 2012 Free-Response Questions|Sample DBQ Responses 2012 Don't worry, the old format isn't as old as this guy right here. How Should I Use DBQ Examples to Prepare? Now that you have all these examples, what should you do with them?In this section, I'll give you some tips on how to use example DBQs in your own prep, including when to start using them and how many you should plan to review. What Should I Do With These DBQs? Officialsample essay sets are a great way to testhow well you understand the rubric. This is why I recommendthat you grade a sample setearly on in your study process- maybe even before you've written a practice DBQ. Then, when you compare the scores you gave to the official scores and scoring notes given to the samples, you'll have a better idea of what parts of the rubric you don't really understand.If there are points you are consistently awarding differently than the graders, you’ll know those are skills you'll need to work on. Keep giving points for the thesis and then finding out the sample didn't get those points? This tells you to work more on your thesis skills. Not giving points for historical context and then finding out the AP grader gave full credit? You need to work on recognizing what constitutes historical context according to the AP. Check out mytips on building specific rubric-based skills in my guide on how to write a DBQ. Once you've worked on some of those rubric skills you're weaker in, such as evaluating a good thesis or identifying document groups, grade another sample set.This way, you can see how your ability to grade the essays like an AP grader improves over time! Obviously, grading sample exams is a much more difficult processif you're looking at examples in an old format (e.g., AP European History or AP World History samples). The old scores as awarded by the College Board will be helpful in establishing a ballpark- obviously a 9is still going to be a good essay using the current 7-point scale- but there may be some modest differences in grades between the two scales. (Maybe that perfect 9is now a 6out of 7due to rubric changes.) For practice grading with old samples, you might want to pull out two copies of the current rubric, recruit a trusted study buddy or academic advisor (or even two study buddies!), and have each of you re-grade the samples. You can then discuss any major differences in the grades each of you awarded. Having multiple sets of eyes will help you see if the scores you're giving are reasonable, since you won’t have an official 7-point College Board score for comparison. How Many Example DBQs Should I Be Using? The answer to this question depends on your study plans. If it's six months before the exam and you plan on transforming yourself into a hard diamond of DBQ excellence, you might do practice grading on a sample set every few weeks to a month to check your progress to being able to think like an AP grader. In this case, you would probably use six to nine official sample sets. If, on the other hand, the exam is in a month and you are just trying to get in some skill-polishing, you might do a sample set every week to 10 days. It makes sense to check your skills more often when you have less time to study because you want to be sure that you are focusing your time on the skills that need the most work. For a short time frame, expect to use somewhere in the range of three to four range official sample sets. Either way, you should be integrating your sample essay grading with skills practice and doing some practice DBQ writing of your own. Toward the end of your study time, you could even integrate DBQ writing practice with sample grading. Read and complete a timed prompt and then grade the sample set for that prompt, including yours! The other essays will help give you a sense of what score your essay might have received that year and any areas you might have overlooked. There's no one-size-fits-all approach to using sample sets, but in general they are a useful tool formaking sure you have a good idea what the DBQ graders will be looking for when you write your own DBQ. Hey, where can we find a good DBQ around here? Closing Thoughts: Example DBQs for AP History Tests Example DBQ essays are a valuable resource in your arsenal of study strategies for the AP history exams. Grading samples carefullywill help you get a sense of your own blind spots so you'll know what skills to focus on in your prep. That said, sample essays will be most useful when integrated with your own targeted skills prep. Grading 100 sample essays won't help you if you aren't practicing your skills; rather, you'll just keep making the same mistakes over and over again. Make sure you aren't using sample essays toavoid writing practice DBQs either- you'll want to do at least a couple, even if you only have a month to practice. And there you have it, folks. With this list of DBQ examples and tips on how to use them, you are all prepared to integrate samples into your study strategy! What's Next? Still not sure what a DBQ is? Check out my explanation of the DBQto learn the basics. Want tips on how to really dig in and study for AP history tests?We've got a complete how-to guide on preparing and writing the DBQ. If you're still studying for AP World History, check out ourtop AP World History study guide,or get more practice tests from our complete list. Want more study material for AP US History? Look into this article on the best notes to use for studying from one of our experts. Also, read our review of the best AP US History textbooks! Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Dangers of Genetically Altered Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dangers of Genetically Altered Foods - Essay Example However, the studies revealed that it was not the added lectin that was responsible for these side effects, but the engineering process itself. This is because a control group that was fed with potatoes containing the substance was not affected as they had not undergone the genetic modification processes (Pusztai, p.1). According to the researcher’s studies, food genetics should therefore not be altered for the purpose of making them disease-resistant or improving production to feed the hungry people since the process may bring adverse effects on humans. Regulation and testing of the process of modifying foods genetically has inefficiently been carried out in the past with interventions coming from various interested parties. For instance, in order to quell the public furor that was caused by the researcher’s studies, Philip James, a director at Rowett Institute, fired Pusztai because he had been influenced to take the action by a biotech firm located in the U.S. throug h a $224,000 grant they had received (Pusztai, p.2). In the U.S., their administration on food along with drugs has slowly drifted away from their regulation that food companies within the country should ensure the safety of their products before releasing them to the consumers. The foods are currently being introduced in a stealthy and quiet manner according to reports despite the public’s lack of comprehension concerning the risks that are posed by these foods. It is only due to the criticism that these foods have received across the nation and on the international arena that the American regulators are now thinking of creating new regulations to govern their manufacture (Pusztai, p.3). The production of genetically modified foods should not be advocated since they have many disadvantages that they come with. This is mainly because the engineering may bring imprecise technologies, different side

Weekly response paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Weekly response paper - Assignment Example Reflecting on both John May articles Sensing: Preliminary Notes on the Emergence of Statistical-Mechanical Geographic Vision and logic of managerial surface, it is clear that the significance of technology cannot be underestimated. Both in their military application, scientific emergence, and modern managerial posture has played a significant role. In Mays logic of managerial surface helps to think about how technology has played an important role in making us realize the sudden need for successful management (May, "Logic" 6). It also helps in decision about conceptual change, particularly in environmental management distancing ourselves from previous practices that failed to foresee consequences of design. Likewise, Sensing: Preliminary Notes on the Emergence of Statistical-Mechanical Geographic vision gives important insight on how we see things. The article also discusses statistical probability and how its relationship with logic of reduction and abstraction and their roles in ge ological science such as thermal imaging and mapping to what we see (May, "Preliminary" 43). Looking back at our earlier readings, on how technology has helped in the advancement of weapons and infrastructures, and others. Technology is largely responsible for the sense of stability of life in the world. Technology confers with the ability to increase a reflexive character of modernity and constitute a fundamental feature of the managerial surface. The environment produced by the technology is more aware catastrophic tendencies since they are prescribed to compensate for failures. Technology can regulate temperatures, light, water, and so on. However, the duration of contentions rests on geographical concepts that are rooted in modern technologies and analytical and inferential approaches in the geography practice. Using a technical framework, it is clear that the

The Problems of American Youth Essay -- Youth Young Adolescent Essays

The Problems of American Youth 1. Introduction This report briefly presents the problems of American youth. It consists of six parts. The first one deals with the general understanding of the teenagers in general. The second part conveys some facts about historic events and socio – historical context. The third one describes youths and their families and briefly shows the problems. The fourth part describes students and their schools. It conveys some details of educational system. The fifth part shows in what kind of activities can youths participate. The sixth part explain what problems do the youths face at. Finally the conclusions sum up all the parts and tries to show some looks to the future. 2. The Teenagers At 18 years of age, young people in the United States of America can take on most of the rights and responsibilities of adulthood. However, before that the young man is understood as a teenager. A young person between the ages of 13 and 19 has to deal with the problems of adolescence. Most people experience conflict during this period of their lives. At this time the young people are changing rapidly, both physically and emotionally. Moreover, they are searching for self-identity, which cause some difficulties. As the young people are growing, they are developing their own values of life that often differ from the ones of their parents. It must be said that teenagers are influenced by the values expressed by their friends, newspapers, television, magazines and teachers. It is good if these expreesed values are suitable for young people and affect them in the right way. During this period of life, young people begin to participate in social activities. They begin to do more things in the company of members of the opposite sex and fewer things in the company of their families. All youths face a certain problems. Some young people have difficulties in their relationship with their parents. Some of them have problems at school, which may lead to use of alcohol or drugs or even grow to refusal to go school or running away from home. Some teenagers even can turn to crime. However, some teenagers, who face such problems, are making positive and important contributions to their communities, schools and society. Many teenagers are studying for college entrance exams or working at part-time jobs after school. Others are volunteering a... ...ancies. Some programs rely on strong counseling against premarital sex and others provide contraceptive counseling. About one million young people run away from home each year. Most return after a few weeks, but others turn to crime. New programs are created to help troubled youths. Young people can go after school and talk with counselors, receive academic tutoring or take part in social activities. 8. Conclusions Most American youths look forward to their future with hope and optimism. American youth now focus on their education and career. They admit that hard work lies ahead and claim they are willing to make the sacrifices needed to reach their goals. Many young people are headed toward four – year colleges and universities. Many other look forward to getting job after high school. Others plan on getting married. Other young people intend to join the armed forces or volunteer organizations. American youth are concerned about problems confronting both their own communities and the world around them. They faced such important issues as drug abuse, AIDS and environment problems. The youth are concerned with global issues such as nuclear war and world hunger.

Civil Rights/Secret Life of Bees

Bridget Baker Mrs. McQuade Period 2 4/10/12 Racial Discrimination and Segregation In 1619 the very first African Americans arrived in America, coming over for the purpose of forced slavery. It’s been nearly four hundred years since then and African Americans are still not treated completely equal. But throughout the years major steps towards equality have been made and as a whole the United States is close to reaching this goal. The first key action taken was abolishing slavery in 1865, but African Americans didn’t start gaining equal rights until 1955 during the Civil Rights Movement.The African American Civil Rights Movement aimed to eliminate all racial discrimination and segregation in America and demonstrated throughout Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of the Bees. In America, African Americans were not only treated unequal, but looked down upon to the majority of whites. The Civil Rights Movement was from 1955 all through 1968 and was carried out through bot h violent and non-violent acts with the support of leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. MLK Jr. tood on the side of non-violence, believing that by getting the public’s attention to how blacks were being treated there would be a sense of sympathy and change of heart towards African Americans. During one of the non-violent protests, March of Washington, MLK Jr. gave the famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech to 200,000 civil rights supporters who were gathered at the front of the Lincoln Memorial, stretched past the reflecting pool. In this speech he said, â€Å"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † These were some of the most powerful words during the Civil Rights Movement and exposed to the people the true hurt blacks felt. MLK Jr. s approach was very successful in the gaining freedom from oppression by white Americans, but Malcolm X also contributed to the movement. Malcolm X believed more in black supremacy and not as strongly about white and black integration.Though some views were different than MLK Jr. ’s, the overall idea was the same, which was shown in his famous â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† speech saying, â€Å"Human rights are something you were born with. Human rights are your God-given rights. Human rights are the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth. Malcolm X talks about the human rights, which includes all races. With the help of leaders like MLK Jr. and Malcolm X, the nation focused on civil rights for African Americans, and slowly began to improve. With each year more rights, such as voting, were given to all blacks and the amount of segregation rapidly decreased. Some racial discrimination still exists, but has reduced majorly since the African American Civil Rights Movement. The Civil Rights Movement is such a significant part of America’s history that it has been an influence in books, movies, and much more.For example, in the novel The Secret Life of the Bees by Sue Monk Kidd black racial discrimination and segregation are exposed. The story is about a young white girl, Lily, who is raised mostly by her nanny and housekeeper, Rosaleen, who is African American. The first obstacle of racism that is shown is when Rosaleen is finally given the opportunity to vote after new law changes, but is taunted by white men on her way and is thrown in jail when she retaliates. Next, Lily finds herself in the house of three African American sist ers, seeking a place to live her.While contemplating lettering her stay, one of the sisters stress, â€Å"But she’s white†¦ â€Å" (Kidd 87). Though it seems as if it’s the white girl being discriminated against, but in reality blacks know the trouble that this gives themselves and how much trouble they could get in for this. The integration of blacks and whites was not only rare because it was looked down upon, but also because consequences would be given. Lily grows more than a friendship with a young African American and regardless of their feelings it’s nearly impossible for them to become anything more because of the fear of him getting in trouble for it.He explains this to her as, â€Å"Lily, I like you better than any girl I’ve ever known, but you have to understand, there are people who would kill boys like me for even looking at girls like you,† (135). Even those whites willing to integrate could not do it by themselves and during t he Civil Rights Movement it brought everyone together willing to desegregate races. It was not immediate, but racial discrimination and segregation have extremely lessoned. From the beginning of America an ongoing battle with African American discrimination has occurred.In the Declaration of Independence written in 1776 it states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. † The fight for equality of blacks still is present, even though they are citizens of the United States of America. The Civil Rights Movement was a fight for African Americans to receive the rights and equality they should have been given since day one. Racial discrimination and segregation are what America claims to be against, and it was the Civil Rights Movement that slowly gave the equality to African Americans, as they deserve along with all Americans.

Whats the Difference Between a Zoo and a Sanctuary

Animal rights advocates oppose keeping animals in zoos, but support sanctuaries. They  oppose keeping animals in zoos because imprisoning the animals for our entertainment violates their right to live free of human exploitation. Even if the animals are of an endangered species, keeping them in a zoo for the sake of the species violates their rights because the good of the species cannot be put above the rights of the individual. On the other hand, sanctuaries rescue animals who cannot live in the wild and can survive only in captivity. How Zoos and Sanctuaries Are Similar Both zoos and sanctuaries confine wild animals in pens, tanks, and cages. Many are operated by non-profit organizations, display animals to the public and educate the public about animals. Some charge admission or request a donation from visitors. How Theyre Different The main difference between zoos and sanctuaries is how they acquire their animals. A zoo might buy, sell, breed, or trade animals, or even capture animals from the wild. The rights of the individual are not considered. Animals are often overbred because zookeepers like  having a constant supply of baby animals to attract the public. Zoo patrons expect to see lively, active animals, not old, tired animals. But the overbreeding leads to overcrowding. Excess animals are sold to other zoos, circuses, or even canned hunting.  The animals are acquired to satisfy the interests of the zoo. A sanctuary does not breed, buy, sell or trade animals. A sanctuary also does not capture animals from the wild  but  acquires only animals who can no longer survive in the wild. These might include injured wildlife, confiscated illegal exotic pets,  exotic pets who are surrendered by their owners, and animals from zoos, circuses, breeders, and laboratories that close down. A Florida animal sanctuary, Busch Wildlife Sanctuary, intentionally keeps some animals out of sight so the animals dont interact with the public. These animals have a chance of being released back into the wild if they recover from their injury or illness. The animals that will never have a chance at release, such as orphaned baby black bears who were raised in captivity and dont know how to survive in the wild; Florida Panthers who were once pets so their claws and some teeth have been removed; and snakes who have been hit with shovels and blinded or otherwise impaired, allowed to be seen by the public. While a zoo may argue that they serve an educational purpose, this argument does not justify the imprisonment of the individual animals. They may also argue that spending time with the animals inspires people to protect them, but their idea of protecting the animals consists of taking them out of the wild to confine them in cages and  pens.  Furthermore, animal advocates would argue that the main lesson taught by the zoo is that we have the right to imprison animals for humans to gawk at. Zoos love to use the old, tired argument that when children see an animal, they will have an affinity for it and want to protect it. But heres the thing, every kid on earth loves dinosaurs but not one kid has ever seen a dinosaur. Accredited Zoos Some animal welfare advocates distinguish between accredited zoos and roadside zoos. In the United States, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) grants accreditation to zoos and aquariums that meet their standards, including procedures for animal health, safety, guest services,  and recordkeeping.  The term roadside zoo is often used to mean a zoo that is unaccredited, and generally is smaller, with fewer animals and inferior facilities. While the animals at roadside zoos may suffer more than animals at larger zoos, the animal rights position opposes all zoos, regardless of how big the cages or pens are. Endangered Species Endangered species are those that are in danger of becoming extinct in a significant portion of their range.  Many zoos participate in breeding programs for endangered species, and may someday be the only places where some species exist. But imprisoning a small number of individuals for the sake of the species violates the rights of the individual. A  species does not have rights because it is not sentient. Species is a scientific category designated by people, not a sentient being capable of suffering. The best way to save endangered species is by protecting their habitat. This is an effort everyone has to get behind because we are in the middle of the sixth mass extinction, and we are losing animals at a terribly rapid rate. It may seem confusing to people when they see animal rights advocates boycotting zoos while supporting sanctuaries. The same might be true when animal advocates oppose keeping pets but have rescued cats and dogs from shelters. The important factor to consider is whether we are exploiting the animals or rescuing them. Shelters and sanctuaries rescue animals, while pet shops and zoos exploit them. Its really very simple.